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Refering to the first prisiples discussed in hikmah, Mulla Sadra says: “It is this hikmah which the Holy Prophet had in mind in his prayer to his Lord when he said: ‘O Lord ! Show us things as they really are’. Mereover, he gives a spiritual exegesis of the Quranic verse “Surely We created man of the best stature, then We reduced him to the lowest of the low, save those who believe and do good works” (Quran, 95: 4-6), in this way: “of the best stature” refers to the spiritual world and the angelic part of the soul, “the lowest of the low” to the material world and animal part of the soul, “those who believe” to theoretical hikmah and those who “do good works” to practical hikmah. Seen in this light hikmah, in its two aspects of knowledge and action, becomes the means whereby man is saved from his wretched state of the lowest of the low and enabled to regain the angelic  and paradisial state in which he was originally made. Hikmah is, in his view, completely wedded to religion and the spiritual life and is far removed from purely mental activity connected with the rationalistic conception of philosophy that has become prevalent in the West since the post-Renaissance period.


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